History

1. Nicéphore Niépce
2. Heavily polished sheet of silver plated copper
3. Landscape Photography
4. Shutter Speed, Aperture, ISO

Metering

5. Matrix Metering (Nikon), also known as Evaluative Metering (Canon) Center-weighted Metering Spot Metering
6. When you want to prioritize the middle of the frame
7. When Photographing the moon

Camera Modes

8. Program, Shutter Priority, Aperture Priority, Manual
9. In Shutter Priority is when you manually set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture and in Aperture Priority you manually set the aperture and the camera sts the shutter speed.

 Focus

     10.  Autofocus systems use a motor in the camera or lens to focus on a subject you’ve selected manually or automatically. So, just press a button on your camera, and it will focus on your chosen subject. If your camera is having trouble focusing, such as in dark conditions, manual focus lets you override any issues, or make precise adjustments that the camera may have missed. And if you set your lens to manual focus, you can lock focus for a series of photos in a row.

     11. Auto because most of the time you want to get multiple shots from different angles so you can get shots quickly.

    

   Flash

      12. Capture images in poorly lit environments.

      13. Absence of the sun and hence good ambient light.

   

   Video

      14. Using a tripod can help you with slow, controlled panning. Along with fast panning, Westfall suggested avoiding rapid zooming, unless you're going for an intentional effect.

      15. Autofocus is a good tool to have, especially for moving subjects, but manual focus is a valuable creative technique that works particularly well when shooting relatively stationary subjects from a tripod.

      16. 50 percent close-ups and extreme close-ups, 25 percent medium shots, and 25 percent wide shots.

    Histogram

      17. A tool to evaluate exposure on a digital image more precisely.

      18. data showing mostly on the left is a low-key image. 

      19. Majority of the body of the graph toward the right, this means you have captured                    a high-key image.

      20. Ability to gather information from a scene that contains very bright and very dark areas.